Cell sorting by differential cell motility: a model for pattern formation in Dictyostelium.

In the slug stage of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum, prespore cells and four types of prestalk cells show a well-defined spatial distribution in a migrating slug. We have developed a continuous mathematical model for the distribution pattern of these cell types based on the balance of force in individual cells. In the model, cell types are assumed to have different properties in cell motility, i.e. different motive force, the rate of resistance against cell movement, and diffusion coefficient. Analysis of the stationary solution of the model shows that combination of these parameters and slug speed determines the three-dimensional shape of a slug and cell distribution pattern within it. Based on experimental data of slug motive force and velocity measurements, appropriate sets of parameters were chosen so that the cell-type distribution at stationary state matches the distribution in real slugs. With these parameters, we performed numerical calculation of the model in two-dimensional space using a moving particle method. The results reproduced many of the basic features of slug morphogenesis, i.e. cell sorting, translocation of the prestalk region, elongation of the slug, and its steady migration.